Background
The new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic poses a challenge of historic proportions to humankind. The global spread of the outbreak has been exponential. And, it might still be far from reaching its peak. It is estimated that between 40 and 70 percent of the world population would be infected if far-reaching decisive steps are not taken urgently. With an estimated global case mortality ratio of 5.7%, that means more than 100 million people could die.
Unfortunately, while there have been efforts to combat “the alarming levels of spread and severity” of the pandemic, the World Health Organization has also expressed grave concern at “the alarming levels of inaction.” Many governments have failed to put measures in place to protect our communities and frontline staff. For example, while countries such as Denmark, France and Italy have taken steps to ensure the physical safety and social-economic wellbeing of residents (including pay for workers quarantined or furloughed), some of the richest countries in the world have rather taken steps to shield their economy without putting in place adequate health and social protection measures. The United States government alone, for example, quickly committed as much as $1.5tn to save the markets, while it took weeks before passing an inadequate health response bill.
Not only has needed action within countries been inadequate in several instances, there is also need for greater international solidarity at this point in time. Countries must clearly comprehend that borders cannot keep out the spread of the virus. The case of the EU and its initial inaction has to be guarded against as the pandemic spreads.
Some global leaders are fuelling the flames of racism and xenophobia. Comments such as that of Mr Donald Trump, the United States president describing the new coronavirus as a “foreign”, “Chinese” virus create a toxic atmosphere of fear and despair. On social media and on the streets, South East Asians have been attacked in Europe and North America.
In countries with limited testing facilities, the “worried wealthy” have besieged doctors with demands for private coronavirus testing, as well as “intravenous infusion of vitamins and minerals to boost their immune systems.” But wealth must not be the basis of testing or access to treatment. Governments must ensure universal access to testing and treatment for an effective response to the pandemic.
Public service workers, particularly in the healthcare sector, are bearing the brunt of the response to COVID-19, facing circumstances which have been compared to “a world war.”
Years of privatisation and austerity measures have left public health facilities underfunded and understaffed. The coronavirus pandemic reveals the deep crisis of neoliberal policies and the negligent failure of governments to take needed actions for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. We cannot solve this crisis with more of the measures which are exacerbating its spread. We need a massive, public-driven response.
The greatest tragedy is that we should have learnt this by now. PSI and our affiliates were on the front lines in the fight against Ebola just five years ago. We saw how vulnerable our countries’ health systems were. We called on governments to increase funding, resources and staffing for the sector.
In 2016 the UN's High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth (of which PSI was a member) noted that “with the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, we have seen how inaction and chronic under-investment can compromise human health, and also lead to serious economic and social setbacks.” It identified investment in health workers as "the first line of defence against international health crises”. Governments were urged to relax austerity measures in favour of fiscal expansion policies, prioritizing investment in job creation to strengthen health systems and meet the projected shortfall of 18 million health workers by 2030. The commission was clear with its message: “business as usual is untenable”.
If these warnings were heeded, we would be much better prepared for this crisis.
The WHO Director General, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus warned in February that the world may be dangerously unprepared for the next pandemic. He noted that “for too long, the world has operated on a cycle of panic and neglect,” adding that governments “throw money at an outbreak, and when it’s over, we forget about it and do nothing to prevent the next one.”
This pandemic must be a wake-up call to world leaders. Putting profits ahead of the people undermines the strong public action we need to respond to the epidemiological and climate crises and tackle global inequality.